Understanding Endometriosis

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Endometriosis is a chronic, often painful condition where tissue similar to the endometrium—the lining of the uterus—grows outside of the uterus. Normally, during a menstrual cycle, the endometrium thickens, and then sheds if there’s no pregnancy, causing menstruation. However, in endometriosis, this tissue outside the uterus cannot be shed, leading to inflammation, scar tissue, and severe pain.



Endometriosis commonly affects the pelvic and abdominal areas, especially around the reproductive organs. Symptoms include painful periods with excessive cramping, pain during intercourse, painful urination or bowel movements, heavy bleeding, nausea, bloating, and fatigue. People with endometriosis may find it helpful to use a menstrual cup or menstrual disc, which can handle heavy flow and save on disposable products, paired with period underwear for added protection.

The exact cause of endometriosis is unknown, but several theories exist. These include the possibility of tissue being spread via the bloodstream or lymphatic system, or through surgical procedures like C-sections or hysterectomies. Another theory involves retrograde menstruation, where menstrual flow goes upward into the fallopian tubes. Genetic factors may also play a role, as endometriosis tends to run in families.

Around 190 million people worldwide are affected by endometriosis, with symptoms varying from mild to debilitating, and it can lead to infertility in some cases. If you experience severe menstrual pain, consult a doctor to discuss potential treatments.

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